(LPWAN-AAA Server)
    ()   ()   ()       |                      +------+
     ()  () () ()     / \       +---------+   | Join |
    () () () () ()   /   \======|    ^    |===|Server|  +-----------+
     () ()  ()      |           | <--|--> |   +------+  |Application|
    () ()  ()  ()  / \==========|    v    |=============|  Server   |
     ()  ()  ()   /   \         +---------+             +-----------+
    End devices  Gateways     Network Server          (SCHC C/D and F/R)
     (devices)    (RGW)            (NGW)