+--------------------------+ 
| application servers      |
| (data, coding, multicast)|
+--------------------------+     
       | ... |   
       -----------------------------------
       |     |   |             |   |     |
+---------------------+     +---------------------+ 
| network function    |     | network function    | 
|(firewall, PEP, etc.)|     |(firewall, PEP, etc.)| 
+---------------------+     +---------------------+ 
    | ... | IP packets             |  ...   |
                                                ---
+------------------+         +------------------+ |
| access gateway   |         | access gateway   | |
+------------------+         +------------------+ |
       | BBFRAME                         |        | gateway
+------------------+         +------------------+ |
| physical gateway |         | physical gateway | |
+------------------+         +------------------+ |
                                                ---
       | PLFRAME                         |
+------------------+         +------------------+ 
| outdoor unit     |         | outdoor unit     |
+------------------+         +------------------+
       | satellite link                  |
+------------------+         +------------------+ 
| outdoor unit     |         | outdoor unit     |
+------------------+         +------------------+
       |                                 |
+------------------+         +------------------+ 
| sat terminals    |         | sat terminals    |
+------------------+         +------------------+
       |        |                  |        |
+----------+    |            +----------+   |      
|end user 1|    |            |end user 3|   |     
+----------+    |            +----------+   |    
          +----------+               +----------+ 
          |end user 2|               |end user 4|
          +----------+               +----------+