+------------+ routes for P1, P2 +------------+ | AS2(ISP-a) |<-------------------->| AS3(ISP-b) | +------------+ (P2P) +------------+ /\ /\ \ / P1[AS1]\ /P2[AS1] \ / P2[AS1 AS1 AS1]\ /P1[AS1 AS1 AS1] \ / +-----------------------+ | AS1(customer) | +-----------------------+ P1, P2 (prefixes originated) Consider data packets received at AS2 via AS3 that originated from AS1 and have a source address in P1: * Feasible-path uRPF works (if the customer route to P1 is preferred at AS3 over the shorter path) * Feasible-path uRPF fails (if the shorter path to P1 is preferred at AS3 over the customer route) * Loose uRPF works (but not desirable) * Enhanced feasible-path uRPF works best