+------------+ ---- P1[AS2 AS1] ---> +------------+ | AS2(ISP-a) | <----P2[AS3 AS1] ---- | AS3(ISP-b) | +------------+ +------------+ /\ /\ \ / \ / \ / P1[AS1]\ /P2[AS1] \ / +-----------------------+ | AS1(customer) | +-----------------------+ P1, P2 (prefixes originated) Consider data packets received at AS2 (1) from AS1 with a source address (SA) in P2, or (2) from AS3 that originated from AS1 with a SA in P1: * Strict uRPF fails * Feasible-path uRPF fails * Loose uRPF works (but not desirable) * Enhanced feasible-path uRPF works best